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However, how do you create a system that has a decentralized ledger How do you give someone the ability to update the ledger without giving them too much powerin case they become corrupt or negligent in their work
Well, Bitcoins rulesalso known as the Bitcoin protocolsolves this in a very creative way I like to call Who Wants to Be a Banker
In a nutshell, anyone who wants to participate in updating the ledger of Bitcoin transactions, known as the blockchain, can do this. All you need is to guess a random number that solves an equation generated by the system. Sounds easy, right
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Obviously, this guessing is all done by your computer. The stronger your computer is, the more supposes you can make in a second, increasing your chances of winning this game. If you manage to guess right, you earn bitcoins and have to write the next page of Bitcoin transactions on the blockchain. .
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1. Once your mining computer comes up with the ideal guess, your mining system determines which of the current pending transactions will be grouped together into the next block of transactions. Compiling this block represents your moment of glory, as youve now develop into a temporary banker of Bitcoin who has to update the Bitcoin transaction ledger known as the blockchain. .
2. The block youve generated, along with your solution, is sent to the entire network so other computers can affirm it. Its somewhat much like some Rubiks cube: The solution is quite tough to achieve but very easy to validate.
3. Every computer that validates your solution updates its copy of the Bitcoin transaction ledger together with the transactions you chose to include in the block.
4. The system generates a predetermined amount of bitcoins (currently 12.5) and rewards them as compensation for the time and energy you spent solving the math issue.
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5. Additionally, you get paid any transaction fees that were attached to the transactions you inserted into the next block.
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6. Each of the transactions in the cube youve just entered are now confirmed by the Bitcoin network and therefore are virtually irreversible.
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Therefore thats Bitcoin mining in a nutshell. Its called mining because of the fact that this procedure helps mine new Bitcoins from the computer system. But if you think about it, the mining part is just a by-product of the transaction confirmation process. Therefore the name is somewhat misleading, since the main goal of mining is to maintain the ledger in a decentralized manner. .
As you can imagine, since mining is based on a form of guessing, for each block, a different miner will suppose the number and be granted the right to update the blockchain. Obviously, that the miners this link with computing power will succeed more often, but on account of the regulation of statistical probability, its highly unlikely that the same miner will succeed every time. .
Now you know what Bitcoin mining is, you might be thinking, Cool! Free money! Where do I sign up Well, not so fast
Satoshi Nakamoto, who invented Bitcoin, crafted the rules for mining in a way that the further mining energy the network gets, the harder it is to guess the answer to the mining mathematics problem. So the difficulty of this mining process is really self-adjusting to the gathered mining capability the network owns. .
If more miners join, it is going to get harder to address the issue; when many of them fall off, it is going to get easier. This is known as mining difficulty.
Now, rememberthis is on average. We can have two cubes being added minute after minute and then wait an hour to the next block. In the long run, this may even out to ten minutes on average.
As you can imagine, this kind of self-adjusting mechanism has made a type of arms race to get the most efficient and strong miners as soon as possible.
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When Bitcoin first started out, there werent a lot of miners on the market. In fact, Satoshi, the inventor of Bitcoin, and his friend Hal Finney were a couple of the only individuals mining Bitcoin back in the time using their own personal computers.
Using your CPU (central processing unityour computers brain and an integrated component in any computer) was enough for mining Bitcoin back in 2009, since mining issue was reduced. Since Bitcoin started to catch on, people looked for more powerful mining solutions.